Vical has received numerous government grants that have reduced the development costs of CMV, influenza, and other programs. $22 million has been received since 2002, mostly from the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to cover preclinical activities leading up to clinical testing. Vical currently has two NIH grants that support development of vaccines against herpes simplex type 2 virus and development of a rapid response platform against pandemic influenza viruses.